The Archive — By Form

Herbs & Forbs

The annuals, biennials, and perennials — herbaceous plants that have carried the weight of human medicine, magic, and poison across every century of recorded knowledge.

Aconite

Aconitum napellus

Toxic

The queen of poisons. She has never pretended to be anything else.

Agrimony

Agrimonia eupatoria

Safe

Sleep on it. Wake when you are healed.

Angelica

Angelica archangelica

Caution

Named for the archangel. The naming was not casual.

Anise Hyssop

Agastache foeniculum

Safe

Whatever it calls itself, the bees have already made their decision.

Belladonna

Atropa belladonna

Toxic

The beautiful lady who grants visions — and silence.

Bistort

Persicaria bistorta

Safe

Dock pudding served at Easter. A northern dish. The south never learned it.

Bluebell

Hyacinthoides non-scripta

Caution

The fairy wood announced itself before you entered it.

Borage

Borago officinalis

Safe

Ego borago gaudia semper ago — I, borage, always bring courage.

Burdock

Arctium lappa

Safe

The burr that invented Velcro. The root that fed the hungry. The plant that refuses to be ignored.

Calendula

Calendula officinalis

Safe

It faces the sun all day and will not look away.

Centaury

Centaurium erythraea

Safe

Named for the healer who could not heal himself.

Chamomile

Matricaria chamomilla

Safe

The most gentle thing in this archive. Which is not the same as the least powerful.

Clary Sage

Salvia sclarea

Caution

The clear eye that opens what it closes.

Cleavers

Galium aparine

Safe

It latches on. This is also what it does for the lymph.

Coltsfoot

Tussilago farfara

Caution

The flower comes first, alone, before there are any leaves. It is still winter when it arrives.

Comfrey

Symphytum officinale

Caution

Knitbone. Boneset. The plant that remembers what the body has forgotten.

Cowslip

Primula veris

Safe

The keys of Saint Peter, dropped in the meadow and never recovered.

Dandelion

Taraxacum officinale

Safe

The weed is a category invented by people who stopped paying attention.

Datura

Datura stramonium

Toxic

It does not grant visions. It takes you somewhere and leaves you there.

Dog Violet

Viola riviniana

Safe

The violet without a scent. The most common, the most overlooked, the one Shakespeare walked past every spring.

Elecampane

Inula helenium

Safe

Helen of Troy wept into the earth and this grew from her tears. The name preserves it.

Enchanter's Nightshade

Circaea lutetiana

Caution

Named for a witch. Found in every shadowed wood. It never promised to be innocent.

Eyebright

Euphrasia officinalis

Safe

A tiny white flower with a yellow eye, in every poor meadow. It has seen everything and says nothing.

Fennel

Foeniculum vulgare

Safe

Sweet anise breath of ancient roads, it remembers everything.

Feverfew

Tanacetum parthenium

Safe

For the pain behind the eyes. For the things that keep returning.

Field Poppy

Papaver rhoeas

Safe

It grew where men fell. It will outlast every monument.

Fireweed

Chamerion angustifolium

Safe

It arrives where fire has been. It covers what fire has left.

Foxglove

Digitalis purpurea

Toxic

The heart that heals you can also be the hand that stops yours.

Foxglove Beardtongue

Penstemon digitalis

Safe

A pale impersonator of deadlier kin, holding its own secrets.

Greater Celandine

Chelidonium majus

Caution

Break the stem. The orange bleeds immediately. The plant has no hesitation.

Heartsease

Viola tricolor

Safe

Love-in-idleness. Pansies for thoughts. The flower pressed into Oberon's scheme.

Hemlock

Conium maculatum

Toxic

It smells of mice and cold stone. It grows where the dead have been.

Henbane

Hyoscyamus niger

Toxic

The smell of it alone is a warning. Few plants are this honest.

Herb Paris

Paris quadrifolia

Toxic

Four leaves, four petals, four sepals, one dark berry — and a symmetry that unsettles.

Hops

Humulus lupulus

Safe

The sedative in the beer. This was not an accident.

Hound's Tongue

Cynoglossum officinale

Caution

It silences dogs. The name is a specific claim, not a metaphor.

Hyssop

Hyssopus officinalis

Safe

Purify me with hyssop, and I shall be clean.

Lamb's Quarters

Chenopodium album

Safe

The weed that fed empires, forgotten in abundance.

Lemon Balm

Melissa officinalis

Safe

Melissa means bee. The bees knew first.

Lesser Spearwort

Ranunculus flammula

Caution

Beggars blistered themselves with it and held out the wounds for pennies.

Lily of the Valley

Convallaria majalis

Toxic

The sweetest smell in the woodland. The most dangerous thing in the garden.

Lords and Ladies

Arum maculatum

Toxic

Cuckoo pint. Wake robin. The names are all innuendo and none of them are wrong.

Lungwort

Pulmonaria officinalis

Safe

The leaves are spotted white on green, like a diseased lung. The herbalists took this as instruction.

Mallow

Malva sylvestris

Safe

The poor man's bread. The first healer of the raw and swollen.

Mandrake

Mandragora officinarum

Toxic

A root that screams, a root that heals — sometimes the same root.

Meadow Cranesbill

Geranium pratense

Safe

Blue as a sky seen through old woodland. It asks nothing and lasts the summer.

Meadow Saffron

Colchicum autumnale

Toxic

It flowers in autumn with no leaves, no stem, no context — as if arriving from somewhere else entirely.

Meadowsweet

Filipendula ulmaria

Safe

The sweetness of it carried on water tells you where it grows.

Mint (Spearmint)

Mentha spicata

Safe

The older mint. Cooler, greener, less insistent than its hybrid child.

Motherwort

Leonurus cardiaca

Caution

The name says who it is for. The second name says what it does to the heart.

Mugwort

Artemisia vulgaris

Caution

Before all other herbs, remember mugwort.

Mullein

Verbascum thapsus

Safe

The hag's taper — torch of the cunning, lung of the meadow.

Opium Poppy

Papaver somniferum

Caution

It offers sleep. What sleep offers is another matter.

Pennyroyal

Mentha pulegium

Caution

The smallest of the mints. The one with the most to answer for.

Peppermint

Mentha × piperita

Safe

Cool on the tongue, older than the gardens that grew it.

Plantain

Plantago major

Safe

The white man's foot. It followed every conquest and healed the people who survived them.

Primrose

Primula vulgaris

Safe

First of the year. First of the fairies. First through the grief.

Ragwort

Jacobaea vulgaris

Caution

Lethal to horses. Essential to everything else. The conflict is not resolvable.

Red Clover

Trifolium pratense

Safe

Blood-purifier. Bee-keeper. The luck of three and the magic of four.

Rue

Ruta graveolens

Caution

The herb of grace. The herb of repentance. The herb of things left unsaid.

Skullcap

Scutellaria galericulata

Safe

A nervine for the frayed and the overwound. The helmet tells you where it works.

Solomon's Seal

Polygonatum multiflorum

Caution

It grows in the shade of old things and asks nothing of the light.

St. John's Wort

Hypericum perforatum

Caution

Cut at midsummer, at the height of its power, it bleeds red.

Stinging Nettle

Urtica dioica

Safe

It bites the hand that does not know how to reach for it.

Sunflower

Helianthus annuus

Safe

It turns its face to the sun all morning. By afternoon it has made up its mind.

Tansy

Tanacetum vulgare

Caution

They rubbed it on the dead to keep the flies away. Then they rubbed it on themselves.

Teasel

Dipsacus fullonum

Safe

The heads were used to raise the nap on wool. The water that collects in the leaf cups was said to cure eye complaints. Both uses are still in practice.

Thyme

Thymus vulgaris

Safe

Courage, passage, and the smell of the hills above the sea.

Toadflax

Linaria vulgaris

Safe

Butter and eggs on the railway bank. A snapdragon no bee can open by accident.

Turmeric

Curcuma longa

Safe

The earth bleeds gold, and memory follows.

Valerian

Valeriana officinalis

Safe

The smell of it keeps cats and insomniacs faithful.

Vervain

Verbena officinalis

Safe

The druids called it the sacred herb. They did not give that name casually.

Viper's Bugloss

Echium vulgare

Caution

The Doctrine of Signatures read the spotted stem as scales and the nutlets as heads. The bees read it as a feast.

Water Hemlock

Cicuta virosa

Toxic

Not a sedative. Not a philosopher's death. Convulsions within the hour.

White Bryony

Bryonia dioica

Toxic

England's mandrake: a pale root shaped like a man, and no less dangerous.

Woad

Isatis tinctoria

Safe

The blue that Caesar saw. The colour of a people who knew what they were defending.

Wood Anemone

Anemone nemorosa

Caution

The windflower lives where nothing else dares to, in the bare weeks before the canopy closes.

Wood Betony

Betonica officinalis

Safe

A quiet guardian with a long memory.

Wormwood

Artemisia absinthium

Caution

Bitter before all else. Then the other things begin.

Yarrow

Achillea millefolium

Safe

The soldier's herb — where blood flows, yarrow follows.

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